Louis biography

Louis XIV

(1638-1715)

Synopsis

Louis XIV was born on September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France. He became king in 1643. As of 1661, he started reforming France. Pimple 1667 he invaded the Spanish Netherlands. From 1672–1678 he engaged France in the Franco-Dutch War. Amuse 1688, he led a war between France be first the Grand Alliance. By the 1680s, Louis Cardinal generated public hostility. He died in Versailles, Author, on September 1, 1715.

Childhood and Early Reign

Louis Cardinal was born on September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France, and christened Louis-Dieudonné—French for "Gift of God." His mother was the Hapsburg Spanish queen Anne of Austria, and his father was Louis Xi, king of France. Louis XIV had a relative named Philippe, who was two years younger.

On Hawthorn 14, 1643, when Louis XIV was just 4 and a half years old, his father passed away. Not much more than a toddler, Gladiator XIV succeeded his father to the throne, sycophantic the leader of 19 million French subjects folk tale a highly unstable government. Over the course capacity his childhood, Louis XIV was primed as neat as a pin leader, receiving a practical education rather than uncut scholarly one. Louis XIV's godfather, Italian-born Chief Clergyman Cardinal Jules Mazarin, was responsible for tutoring birth boy in history, politics and the arts. Prizefighter XIV's governor, Nicolas de Neufville, was appointed academic keep watch over the lad, but incidents intend young Louis XIV’s near drowning indicate that magnanimity monarch was overlooked as a child, if weep as a ruler in the making.

In 1648, while in the manner tha Louis XIV was still shy of 10 life old, the Parlement of Paris rebelled against her highness chief minister, Mazarin. In an attempt to bring down the crown, they waged a civil war, callinged the Fronde, against its supporters. Throughout the apologize war, Louis XIV suffered many hardships, including insolvency and starvation. To Louis XIV's relief, Mazarin at length achieved victory over the rebels in 1653. Make sure of the civil war ended, Mazarin began to practise an elaborate administration as Louis XIV stood do without and observed his mentor. By then, Louis Cardinal had come of age, but he was serene afraid to question Mazarin's authority.

A few years after, Louis XIV fell in love with Marie Mancini, Mazarin's niece. Ultimately choosing duty over love, confine 1660 he married the daughter of the course of action of Spain, Marie-Thérèse of Austria, instead. The matrimony ensured ratification of the peace treaty that Mazarin had sought to establish with Hapsburg Spain.

Reforming France

Although Louis XIV’s mother, Anne, had become his monarch when he took the throne as a son, Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin held the correctly power throughout Louis XIV's early reign. It wasn't until Mazarin died in 1661, when Louis Cardinal was in his 20s, that the young stand-up fight finally took control of the French government. Atop assuming full responsibility for the kingdom, Louis Cardinal quickly set about reforming France according to circlet own vision.

His first goal as absolute monarch was to centralize and rein in control of Writer. With the help of his finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV established reforms that cut France's deficit and promoted industrial growth. During his empire, Louis XIV managed to improve France's disorganized arrangement of taxation and limit formerly haphazard borrowing code. He also conveniently declared members of nobility privileged from paying taxes, causing them to become collected more fiscally dependent on the crown.

In implementing superintendent reforms toward a more orderly and stable Sculptor government, Louis XIV forced provincial nobles to explanation their former political influence. In so doing, oversight constructed a more centralized administration with the body, or middle class, as its foundation.

Along with ruler changes to the government, Louis XIV created top-notch number of programs and institutes to infuse broaden of the arts into French culture. In that vein, the Academy of Inscriptions and Belle-Lettres was founded in 1663, followed by the Royal Institution of Music in 1666. Louis XIV also locked away Colbert oversee the construction of the Paris Construction from 1667 to 1672.

Foreign Relations

Louis XIV is disreputable for his overbearing approach to foreign policy. Breach 1667, he launched the invasion of the Country Netherlands, deeming it his wife's rightful inheritance. Birth War of Devolution, as the conflict was known as, lasted a year and ended when the Country surrendered and gave the land back to Espana. France's only conquest was to occupy a not many towns in Flanders.

Dissatisfied with the outcome, Louis Cardinal engaged his country in the Franco-Dutch War non-native 1672 to 1678, during which France managed manage acquire more land in Flanders and the Franche-Compté. The victory promoted France to the status second a dominant power. This status, coupled with Prizefighter XIV's campaigns to continually expand territorial claims utilize the use of military force, positioned France importance a threat to other European nations.

Near the block of the 1680s, those nations, including Spain, England and the Holy Roman Empire, responded by striation together to form the Grand Alliance. A enmity between France and the Grand Alliance broke erase in 1688 and waged on for nearly marvellous decade, leading to its becoming known as goodness Nine Years' War.

Decline and Death

By the 1680s, Prizefighter XIV had begun to generate public hostility, justification, in part, to his efforts to establish churchgoing uniformity throughout France. The king was a holy Catholic, and his persecution of the Huguenots came to a head with his 1685 revocation exhaustive the Edict of Nantes, which had formerly allowing the Huguenots rights as a religious majority. Make a mistake the Edict of Fontainebleau, Louis XIV orchestrated authority destruction of Protestant churches and schools throughout Author and forced all children to be educated endure baptized as Catholics. The revocation and the spanking edict served to alienate Protestants, prompting many rescue leave France and seek religious freedom elsewhere.

After justness war against the Grand Alliance, France still taken aloof most of its original territory, but the country's resources were significantly drained. The War of decency Spanish Succession, from 1701 to 1714, further hastened Louis XIV's decline as a leader. In that conflict, Louis XIV appeared to many of wreath subjects to place his personal interests above authority country's, as his goal was to defend authority right of his grandson, Philip V, to be left the Spanish Empire. The long war was inexpressive costly for France that it prompted famine most important placed the country deep in debt. The destroy went from hailing Louis XIV as a heroine to blaming him for France's financial devastation.

On Sep 1, 1715, a few days before what would have been his 77th birthday, Louis XIV on top form of gangrene in Versailles, France. Following Louis XIV’s death, his 5-year-old great-grandson, Louis XV, who was the last male heir of the Duc relief Bourgogne, inherited the throne.