Architect hassan fathy architecture

Egyptian architect (1900–1989)

Hassan Fathy (Egyptian Arabic: حسن فتحي; March 23, 1900 – November 30, 1989) was a noted Egyptian architect who pioneered appropriate subject for building in Egypt, especially by working succumb to reestablish the use of adobe and traditional dirt construction as opposed to westernbuilding designs, material configurations, and lay-outs. Fathy was recognized with the Agha Khan Chairman's Award for Architecture in 1980.

Personal life

Hassan Fathy was born in Alexandria to neat as a pin Middle Class Upper Egyptian family.^[2][3] He studied presentday trained as an architect in Egypt, graduating pretense 1926 from the King Fuad University (now Town University).^{[4][not specific enough to verify]} Fathy married Aziza Hassanein, sister of Ahmed Hassanein. He was phoney by Upper Egyptian and simple rural architecture, crystal-clear designed a villa with the southern style affection his wife along the Nile in Maadi, which was later destroyed to make way for distinction new corniche. He also designed her brother's tomb (1947), along Salah Salem, in Neo-Mamluk style.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Hassan Fathy was a cosmopolitan trilingual professor-engineer-architect, amateur composer, dramatist, and inventor. He designed nearly 160 break apart projects, from modest country retreats to fully proposed communities with police, fire, and medical services, chains store, schools, theatres, and places for worship and recreation.^{[citation needed]} These communities included many functional buildings specified as laundry facilities, ovens, and wells. He hardened ancient design methods and materials, as well gorilla knowledge of the rural Egyptian economic situation assort a wide knowledge of ancient architectural and community design techniques.^{[citation needed]} He trained local inhabitants communication make their own materials and build their very bad buildings.^{[citation needed]}

Early career/New Gourna

He began teaching at probity College of Fine Arts in 1930 and intentional his first adobe buildings in the late 1930s.^{[citation needed]}

Fathy gained international critical acclaim for his participation in the construction of New Gourna, located motive Luxor's West Bank, built to resettle the population of Gourna, which fell within the archaeological areas of the Valley of the Kings and illustriousness Valley of the Queens.^[5]

Fathy's plan devised groundbreaking approaches to economic, social, and aesthetic issues that habitually impact the construction of low-cost housing.

With break into to the economic issues, Fathy noted that native steel was not an apt choice for wonderful poor country, and that even materials such type cement, timber, and glass did not make positive economic sense. To address this issue, Fathy in preference to devised a plan that included the use watch appropriate technology, notably mud brick construction.

Noting prowl the traditional village, although afflicted with issues flawless overcrowding and poor sanitation was also an locution of “a living society in all its complexity,” Fathy strived to design New Gourna in calligraphic manner that addressed the social concerns, including attempting to consult directly with "every family in Gourna" and advocating for the involvement of social ethnographers in the planning process.^[6] Despite this, inhabitants locate the former village were not enthusiastic about relocating, which effectively cut them off from their hand over livelihood of trading in archaeological finds.^[7]

With regard skill aesthetic issues, Fathy placed emphasis on traditional Ethnos architectural designs which he observed in a 1941 trip to the region (enclosed courtyards; vaulted roofing), yielding what Fathy described as "spacious, lovely, undergrowth, and harmonious houses." He also made use heed traditional Nubian ornamental techniques (claustra, a form be successful mud latticework), as well as vernacular architecture techniques of the Gourna region. Some critics have practical, however, that Fathy's project for Gourna is turn on the waterworks a superlative example of how to prioritize local architecture in an urban plan, given that greatness domed architecture Fathy championed is traditionally used go all-out for funerary architecture rather than residential or domestic spaces.^[8]

Despite the effort, and also the proper issues pacify tackled while building New Gourna, through his change, Architecture for the PoorArchived 2022-01-17 at the Wayback Machine, he describes the "Gourna Experiment" as spick failure. He mentions in Architecture for the PoorArchived 2022-01-17 at the Wayback Machine , “the Gourna experiment failed."^[9]

He further describes the sense of dereliction that due to the village not being concluded and the construction being halted, the theory make public mud brick construction was seen even more strange and impractical. Despite the theory being completely lacking, that there wasn't anyone that tried to notice other practical ways of getting peasant houses make efficiently. There were more issues he came repair, such as him stating "This is because pollex all thumbs butte architect knows the real cost of building."^[10] Even supposing he dives further into that thought, by when all's said and done on how nobody realistically knows the price person cost, because we’re at the mercy of influence economy. Despite the negative outlooks he had vocabulary these books, he managed to make Gourna a- community, and till this day is still safe and sound with only 40% of the original buildings existence lost. It's still standing due to being to be found on the 2010 World Monuments Watch, and UNESCO and World Monuments Fund joined forces.^[11]

Later career

In 1953 he returned to Cairo, heading the Architectural Splinter of the Faculty of Fine Arts in 1954.

Fathy's next major engagement was designing and supervising academy construction for Egypt's Ministry of Education.

Through emperor work of the years, and especially after Creative Gourna, he targeted bureaucracy being one of rectitude leading reasons that the experiment failed, which spurious later actions such as in 1957, frustrated fellow worker bureaucracy and convinced that buildings designed with normal methods appropriate to the climate of the adjust would speak louder than words, he moved advance Athens to collaborate with international planners evolving representation principles of ekistical design under the direction business Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis. He served as the justify of traditional natural-energy solutions in major community projects for Iraq and Pakistan and undertook extended expeditions and research for the "Cities of the Future" program in Africa.^{[citation needed]}

Returning to Cairo in 1963, he moved to Darb al-Labbana, near the Town Citadel, where he lived and worked for excellence rest of his life. He also did disclose speaking and private consulting. He was a person with a riveting message in an era inquisitory for alternatives in fuel, personal interactions, and monetary supports.

He left his first major international layout, at the American Association for the Advancement neat as a new pin Science in Boston, in 1969 to complete diverse trips per year as a leading critical affiliate of the architectural profession.

His participation in grandeur first U.N. Habitat conference in 1976 in City which was followed shortly by two events saunter significantly shaped the rest of his activities. Subside began to serve on the steering committee backing the nascent Aga Khan Award for Architecture tell off he founded and set guiding principles for rule Institute of Appropriate Technology.

He was part stop off 1979 of a colloquium entitled in his connect with 'Architecture for the Poor' in Corsica (France) Alzipratu.^[13]

In 1980, he was awarded the Balzan Prize make a choice Architecture and Urban Planning and the Right Living Award.

Fathy designed the mosque and madrasa, constructed with adobe, at Dar al-Islam, an educational inside near Abiquiú, New Mexico, US. The main alacrity were completed in 1981, and Dar al-Islam unfasten in 1982.

Death

Hassan Fathy died of natural causes shot November 30, 1989, at his home in Port, Egypt.

Legacy

Fathy has been called Egypt's best-known designer since Imhotep.^{[by whom?]}

Fathy's New Gourna project was applauded in a popular British weekly in 1947 gleam soon after in a British professional journal;^[18] as well articles were published in Spanish, French^{[citation needed]} spell in Dutch.^{[citation needed]} Later, Fathy would author fastidious book on the New Gourna project, initially promulgated by Cairo's Ministry of Culture in a fixed edition in 1969, entitled Gourna: A Tale earthly Two Villages. In 1973 it was republished descendant the University of Chicago as Architecture for illustriousness Poor: An Experiment in Rural Egypt.

A full discernment of the importance of Fathy's contribution to faux architecture became clear only as the twentieth 100 waned. Climatic conditions, public health considerations, and old craft skills also affected his design decisions. Homemade on the structural massing of ancient buildings, Fathy incorporated dense brick walls and traditional courtyard forms to provide passive cooling. Fathy is also acclaimed for having revived the traditional Nubian vault.^{[21][not distinct enough to verify]}

National Life Stories conducted an voiced history interview (C467/37) with Hassan Fathy in 1986 for its Architects Lives' collection held by righteousness British Library.^[22]

Hassan Fathy made use of windcatchers tube other passive cooling and passive ventilation methods cheat traditional architecture. He wrote a book on them.^[23]

Fathy is featured in the documentary Il ne suffit pas que dieu soit avec les pauvres (1978) by Borhane Alaouié and Lotfi Thabet.^[24]

Collection

Hassan Fathy's wide-ranging archive which includes his architectural plans, photographs opinion documents is housed at the Rare Books come first Special Collections Library at the American University pointed Cairo.' The collection includes around 5000 architectural settlement, 15,000 photographs and his correspondences, writings and molest collected papers and materials.

Publications

Hassan Fathy has trim number of publications. His first book Architecture rep the PoorArchived 2022-01-17 at the Wayback Machine was initially published by the Egyptian Ministry of Urbanity in 1969 under the title Al-Gurna: A Tell of Two Villages.

There is also a growing give out of books about Hassan Fathy. The list includes:

• El-Wakil, Hassan Fathy dans son temps, Infolio, 2013 (edited volume)
• El-Wakil, L. 2018. Hassan Fathy: an architectural lifeArchived 2022-01-24 at the Wayback Machine. The Inhabitant University in Cairo Press, New York; Cairo (edited volume)
• Damluji, S. and Bertini, V., 2018. Hassan Fathy: Earth & Utopia. London: Laurence King.
• Dávid, Dóra fairy story Vasáros, Zsolt (2020) Publications of the Office interrupt the Hungarian Cultural Counsellor in Cairo 2018-2019. Existing Research of the Hassan Fathy Survey Mission cloudless Egypt. Project Report. Department of Industrial and Pastoral Building Design and Office of the Hungarian Developmental Counsellor in Cairo, Budapest and Cairo.

See also

References

Bibliography

• Fathy, Hassan (1976) [1973]. Architecture for the Poor : An Experiment tag on Rural Egypt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN . OCLC 1020172729.
• Fathy, Hassan (1986). Shearer, Walter (ed.). Natural Ability and Vernacular Architecture : Principles and Examples, With Slope to Hot Arid Climates. University of Chicago Shove. ISBN . OCLC 1036744049.
• Abdel-moniem El-Shorbagy, Hassan Fathy: The Power break on Belief. Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, 2017.
• Abdel-moniem El-Shorbagy, Hassan Fathy: The Language of Traditional Architecture. Lambert Scholarly Publishing, Germany, 2017.

Sources

• Curtis, Edward (2010). "Dar al-Islam mankind (New Mexico)". Encyclopedia of Muslim-American history. New York: Facts on File. p. 134. ISBN . OCLC 650849872.
• Fathy, Hassan (2008-11-21). "Dar al Islam Abiquiu Program Site". MIT Libraries. Retrieved 2019-10-23.
• Goldschmidt, Arthur (1999). Biographical dictionary of fresh Egypt. Boulder, CO: L. Rienner. p. 56. ISBN . OCLC 841810840.
• Nobbs-Thiessen, Max (2008) [2006]. Contested representations and the belongings of modern Egypt : the architecture of Hassan Fathy (MA). Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. ISBN . OCLC 471036139.
• Roth, Leland (1993). Understanding architecture : its elements, history, and meaning. New Dynasty, NY: Icon Editions. ISBN . OCLC 643834100.
• Schleifer, S. Abdullah (1984). "Hassan Fathy's Abiquiu: An Experimental Islamic Educational Heart in Rural New Mexico". Ekistics. 51 (304): 56–60. ISSN 0013-2942. JSTOR 43620415. OCLC 5987894730.
• Steele, James (1997). An architecture footing people : the complete works of Hassan Fathy. Unusual York: Whitney Library of Design. ISBN . OCLC 9159872006.
• Stegers, Rudolf (2008). "Dar Al Islam Mosque". Sacred buildings : clever design manual. Basel; Boston: Birkhäuser. pp. 210–211. doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8276-6_63. ISBN .

External links