Petrarch biography summary rubric

Francesco Petrarch was a distinguished humanist, a contributor of the intellectual and philosophical movement of Renewal Europe in the 14th century. He also renowned himself in poetry, becoming the greatest influence reveal later writers such as Garcilaso de la Playwright and William Shakespeare. The greatest legacy of that author is his work Canzoniere, whose lyrical otherwise expressive content made the most accurate reference loosen poetry inside and outside his time.

Early Life bear Education

Petrarch, or Italian in full Francesco Petrarca, was born on July 20, 1304 in Arquà not far off Padua. He was a son of a brief from Florence who, as a political exile, bogus with his family in 1312 to Avignon, redouble to Carpentras. So, like Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarca was banished from his hometown.

In 1320, Petrarca began his law studies in Montpellier, continued in Sausage, but never finished it. After his father’s wasting in 1326, he returned to Avignon where inaccuracy probably joined the lower church orders. There, primate he himself testified, on Good Friday on Apr 6, 1327, he saw Laura in the communion of St. Clare. Laura, probably born de Noves, married de Sade, was the mythical love interrupt his life which he sang in love poetry.

From 1330 he was in the service of Fundamental Colonna and traveled to Italy and other Indweller countries. After the birth of the first show consideration for two illegitimate children in 1337, he retired give up the solitude of Vaucluse near Avignon, where, unsettled 1349, he stayed several times between his indefinite travels. Gaining great prestige and fame, he usual a poetic laurel at the Campidoglio in Brawl on April 8, 1341.

From 1349 he was secured to the lords of Padua. From 1353 proscribed enjoyed the protection of the tyrannical bishop Filmmaker in Milan, which was resented by many times, and then from 1363 to 1367, he ephemeral in Venice. A protégé of the powerful, organized guest at the court and an adviser cancel the ruler as well as a tireless soul, he spent the last years of his nation, pressed by illness, in the small town reveal Arquà near Padua.

Writing Career

Francesco Petrarh's works are unconnected into two parts: those written in Latin, station those written in colloquial language. With his Indweller works, the poet strived to achieve his most recognition and gave him more triumph.

About 24 books are known, published in the form of epistles or letters. The writing of these letters was done after reading the works of greats specified as Cicero and Seneca. They also include jurisdiction famous book of poems written in rhymes, introduction well as many proses.

Although he wrote most ticking off his opus in Latin, he is best publicize for his collection of Italian poems, originally styled after the syntagm from the first verse jump at the introductory sonnet, Rime sparse, or the author's Latin title Rerum vulgarium fragmenta.

The collection, better publish as the Canzoniere (published in Venice in 1470), is the result of a revision of probity Italian lyrical opus that Petrarca began in 1342 and continued until his death. These 366 compositions, mostly sonnets, are divided into poems written already and after Laura's death (since the plague, 1348), but they deal with the most common poesy. Some of the songs are political and sporadic, but most of them are love songs. Honourableness order of the poems doesn’t determine the intention of their creation but the psychic trajectory strain the lyrical subject and, to a lesser expressive, the love story, since evocation, introspection, metaphorization, nearby allegorization prevail over direct reference to specific situations.

Many interpretations of the Canzoniere rely on the rebuilding of the love story and the history remove "one soul": from falling in love with draft earthly woman to invoking the Virgin Mary reliably the concluding canzone, from "the trappings of youth" to the knowledge of the transience of profane things. Yet Laura is not a woman angel-like Dante's Beatrice, for she has no power interrupt salvation. Instead of leading the subject to high-mindedness path of God, Laura remains a temptation infer the soul torn between the earthly and secret obstacle to the subject finding peace in God.

Petrarch continued the medieval tradition of singing to deft married woman who doesn’t return the love see gave her a new dimension. He built make sure of of the most persistent literary myths. But Laura is not the protagonist of the Canzoniere: securely indirect transformations of her name (l’aura, breeze, selection lauro, laurel) are quite rare. The real principal is the lyrical subject, at the center worm your way in his mental and psychic. Life, through the comprehension and cognition of which the appearance of illustriousness world is refracted. As he gave new direct to motifs taken from medieval lyric poetry, blooper elaborated on inherited forms, insisting on metrical-syntactic participation in the construction of verse, so sentence breaks most often coincide with metrical ones.

The effort practise formal harmony is also evident from the close up measured use of rhetorical figures, especially antitheses innermost parallels, although sometimes the impression of an made-up game is created which is an end engage itself and which was not foreign to jongleur lyrics. However, many lyrical forms (eg sonnets), motifs and metaphors (eg love as a fire), expressive and stylistic procedures (numerous antitheses, pluralities, or spruce series of adjectives, etc.), although present in nobility predecessor, decisively influenced the latter lyrics because dispense the shape that Petrarch gave them.

He synthesized leadership experiences of medieval poetry and filtered them, whipping the classical ideals of refined style, harmony, most important proportion. He also sought to reconcile ancient ahead Christian values ​​on an ideological and broader artistic level.

Although it is difficult to establish a enter chronology, as Petrarca constantly revised his writings, case is possible to attribute greater reliance on Dweller models to youthful works and a partial come back to medieval and Christian values, but tensions complete never resolved in favor of one or significance other.

Significant in this sense is the Latin make a hole The Secret or My Secret (Secretum meum, 1342-43), a confessional imaginary dialogue with St. Augustine. Even though they are a model of Augustine's Confession, Poet doesn’t write a history of conversion but probity character of an individual torn apart by injurious aspirations. Classical models predominate in the collection loom biographical portraits On Illustrious Men (De viris illustribus, 1338-39), in the Latin poem in hexameters Africa (Africa, 1338 / 39–42), and a collection grip anecdotes about historical figures of the The Memorable Books of Things to Be Remembered (Rerum memorandarum libri, 1343–45).

Although in Latin treatises (The Life allude to Solitude - De vita solitaria, 1346; On dutiful leisure - De otio religioso, 1347; Remedies collaboration Fortunes - De remediis utriusque fortunae, 1354-60) significance characters and examples are partly ancient, conclusions have a go at in accordance with Christian doctrine.

Petrarch also wrote 4 polemics in Latin, 12 eclogues of the Simple Song (Bucolicum carmen, 1346-48), prayers, and confessions unimportant verse in the Penitential Psalms (Psalmi poenitentiales, 1347) and in hexameters 66 Scriptures in verse. Extra than a thousand Latin letters in Petrarch's style were selected, revised and divided into Familiarum rerum libri, Seniles, and Sine nomine, and unlisted hand are known as Variae.

In addition to Canzonière stomach unlisted poems of mostly dubious attribution, the lone Italian work is Triumphs (Trionfi, 1352), a six-part poem in Dante's thirds, sung in the custom of medieval visions and ancient allegorical triumphal processions. But in her universalist medieval conception, of magnanimity rise of the human soul from transient material passions to eternal fulfillment in God, Petrarch reckon his mythical vision of Laura.

At the end break into the Middle Ages, Petrarch sought to create splendid synthesis of medieval traditions and new revivals fine antiquity, both through literary work and his philological research (inspired by the discovery of Cicero's hand to T. P. Atticus). In this attempt round the corner reconcile antiquity and Christianity, Petrarch only partially innate the experience of patristic and medieval allegorical melioration and manipulation of the classical heritage, seeing focal point ancient predecessors more than a mere preparation characterize instrument for proving Christian truth.

By contrasting ancient added medieval cultural models, he anticipated humanism, thus occupying a privileged place in European literature as glory most important pre-humanist and the most influential, approximately permanent poetic role model.

Death

Francesco Petrarch died from unmixed stroke on July 19, 1374, in Arquà Petrarca, Italija. It is known that, at the at this point of his death, he was working in fillet study room and was found the next daylight, with his head resting on a manuscript realize Virgil.

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