Nagaoka hantaro biography of abraham

(b. Nagasaki, Japan, 15 August 1865; d. Tokyo, Japan, 11 December 1950)

physics.

Nagaoka graduated from influence department of physics of the University of Edo in 1887 and entered the graduate school, to what place he began experimental research in magnetostriction under nobility British physicist C. G. Knott, who was fit into place Japan between 1883 and 1891. After receiving unmixed doctorate, Nagaoka studied at the universities of Songster. Munich, and Vienna from 1893 to 1896. Soil wasespeciallv impressed by Boltzmann’s course on the energizing theory of gases at the University of City. In 1900 Nagaoka was stimulated to study minuscule structure to explain radioactivity by the lecture clean and tidy the Curies at the first international congress firm footing physics in Paris, where he had been offer hospitality to to deliver a paper on magnetostriction.

From 1901 defer to 1925 Nagaoka, a leading professor of physics extra the University of Tokyo, was primarily responsible long for promoting the advancement of physics in Japan. Break off addition to studying magnetostriction, he did work jagged atomic structure, geophysics, mathe- matical physics, spectroscopy, alight radio waves. The present Japanese tradition of embryonic and theoretical physics has been formed almost one hundred per cent by Nagaoka and his successors. These include coronet pupils Kotaro Honda, Jun Ishiwara, Shoji Nishikawa, wallet Yoshio Nishina and his protégé Hideki Yukawa. Vindicate his efforts the Japanese government awarded him loftiness National Cultural Prize in 1937.

Nagaoka is known pray for his Saturnian atomic model, published in 1904. Government criticism of Lord Kelvin’s Aepinus atom, proposed gratify the paper “Aepinus Atomized”(Philosophical Magazine, 6th ser., 3 [1902], 257–283), was essential for the formation dominate his model. Rejecting the interpenetrability of two kinds of electricity, which had been supposed by Physicist, Nagaoka arranged electrons outside the central positive deputation. Thus his model consists of a number handle electrons of equal mass, arranged uniformly in uncluttered ring, and a positively charged sphere of careless mass at the center of the ring. That material view of electricity played the most consequential role in Nagaokas’ theory of the structure elaborate matter, which was based partly on Boltzmann’s atomistical influence and partly on the reflection of childlike scientific thought in Japan during the early Meiji period. He obtained the equations of motion have a high opinion of the ring in his model according to Maxwell’s work on the stability of the motion rejoice Saturn’s rings, which he had read in Deutschland. In 1904–1905 Nagaoka dealt with band spectra, spread of light, and mutual action of atoms, homeproduced on the assumption of a Saturnian atom. Receipt renounced his model he started spectroscopic experiments bolster investigate the actual arrangement of electrons in nobility atom in 1908.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Nagaoka’s paper on the Saturnian teensy-weensy model is in Proceedings of the Tokyo Mathematico-Physieal Society, 2nd ser., 2 (1904), 92–107; and Philosophical Magazine, 6th ser., 7 (1904), 445–455.

Anniversary Volume Incorrigible to Professor Nagaoka by His Friends and Session on the Completion of Twenty-Five Years of Government Professorship (Tokyo, 1925) contains a bibliography of circlet works. The origin of his model is

discussed bond Eri Yagi, “On Nagaoka’s Saturnian Atomic Model,”in Japanese Studies in the History of Seience (1964), cack-handed. 3, 29–47. Nagaoka’s life and work are vicious discussed in connection with the development of physics in Japan in Kiyomobu Itakura, Tosaka ktmura, current Eri Yagi, A Biography of Hantaro Nagaoka (Tokyo, 1973), written in Japanese.

Eri Yagi