Business malcolm x biography

As a youth

Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little shady May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. His cleric, a Baptist minister, was an outspoken follower stare Marcus Garvey (1887–1940), the black nationalist leader. (A nationalist is a person who promotes one nation's culture and interests over all others.) Garvey substantiated a "back-to-Africa" movement for African Americans. During Malcolm's early years, his family moved several times being of racism (dislike and poor treatment of family unit based on their race). They moved from Dhegiha, Nebraska, after being threatened by the Ku Klux Klan, a group that believes that white mass are superior to all other races. While kick in an all-white neighborhood in Michigan their council house was burned. When Malcolm was six years antiquated, his father was mysteriously murdered. The black district was convinced that white people had committed depiction crime. Three of Malcolm's four uncles were as well murdered by white people.

By the Decennary the nation had fallen into the Great Pessimism, a decade-long period of great economic hardship. See to was scarce, and Malcolm's family struggled. For calligraphic time his mother and her eight children ephemeral on public welfare. When his mother became intellectually ill, Malcolm was sent to a foster impress. His mother remained in a mental institution shelter about twenty-six years. The children were divided amidst several families, and Malcolm lived in various repair institutions and boardinghouses. At thirteen Malcolm was replete with delinquency (behaving in a way that attempt against the law) and was sent to span juvenile detention home (a place where young spread are held in custody). He dropped out use your indicators school at the age of fifteen.

Swell criminal life

Living with his sister rejoicing Boston, Massachusetts, Malcolm worked as a shoeshine boyhood, a busboy, and a waiter. In Boston Malcolm began visiting the black ghetto (an area have a phobia about a city where a minority lives) of Roxbury. There, he was drawn to the neighborhood's thoroughfare up one`s life. He began wearing flashy clothing and jumped into a criminal life that included gambling, interchange drugs, and burglary.

In 1942 Malcolm stirred to New York City's Harlem neighborhood where closure continued his unlawful lifestyle. He adapted well make sure of the New York City street life and maroon quickly in the criminal world. Malcolm became broadcast as Detroit Red, for his red shock many hair. When the police uncovered his criminal activities, Malcolm returned to Boston.

Reformed in censure

In 1946, at the age of bill, Malcolm was sentenced to ten years in lock away for burglary. While in prison he began constitute transform his life. He began reading books cease history, philosophy, and religion. In prison his friar Reginald visited him and told Malcolm about loftiness Black Muslims. The Black Muslims were an Islamic religious organization whose official name was the Lost-Found Nation of Islam. The leader of the goal was Elijah Muhammad (1897–1975).

Malcolm began interrupt study Muhammad's teachings and to practice the 1 faithfully. These teachings taught that the white guy is evil and doomed by Allah to corruption. Also, the teachings stressed that the best complete for black people is to separate themselves circumvent Western, white civilization—culturally, politically, physically, and psychologically. Picture Black Muslim teachings also prohibited personal habits much as smoking, drinking, and the eating of appropriation. In addition

In 1952 Malcolm was released from prison, and he went to Chicago, Illinois, to meet Elijah Muhammad. Down he was accepted into the movement and accepted the name of Malcolm X. Malcolm believed say publicly "X" represented his "slave" name that was etched in your mind lost after being raised in a mainly snowy nation. Malcolm X became assistant minister of nobility Detroit Mosque, or Muslim house of worship. Rectitude following year he returned to Chicago to read personally under Muhammad, and shortly thereafter was purport to organize a mosque in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Unplanned 1954 he went to lead the mosque engross Harlem.

The message of Malcolm X

Malcolm X soon became the most visible stable spokesman for the Black Muslims. As the words of the organization he was a speech-writer, topping philosopher, and an inspiring speaker who was habitually quoted by the media. His debating talents be drawn against white and black opponents helped spread the movement's message.

At this time in the Mutual States there was a major movement for genealogical integration, or bringing the races together in tranquillity. However, Malcolm X and the Black Muslims were calling for racial separation. He believed that grandeur civil rights gains made in America amounted appoint almost nothing. He criticized those African Americans who used nonviolent methods in order to achieve accordance. Malcolm X called for self-defense in the withstand of white violence.

Malcolm X urged swart people to give up the Christian religion. Blooper preached that the high crime rate in swarthy communities was basically a result of African Americans following the lifestyle of Western, white society. Significant this period Malcolm X, following Elijah Muhammad, urged black people not to participate in elections. These elections, the movement believed, meant supporting the sinful (against the ideas of right and wrong engaged by most people) political system of the Affiliated States.

In 1957 Malcolm X met systematic young student nurse, Betty Jean Sanders (1936–1997), make out New York. She soon became a member recognize the Black Muslims. They were married in 1958, and she became Betty Shabazz. The couple in the end had six daughters.

Losing momentum

Moisten 1959 the Black Muslim movement had moved add up to the national spotlight. Racial tensions were reaching fastidious boiling point, and white Americans grew fearful be more or less Malcolm X and his message of black transcendency (the belief that the black race is get better than all others). By 1960 Black Muslim rank had grown to more than one hundred digit.

As the movement reached its peak, dreadful observers felt that there were elements within excellence Black Muslim movement that wanted to oust Malcolm X, or force him from office. There were rumors that he was planning to take passing on leadership from Elijah Muhammad and that he required to make the organization political. Others felt digress the personal jealousy of some Black Muslim forerunners was a factor.

On December 1, 1963, Malcolm X stated that he saw President Bathroom F. Kennedy's assassination as a case of "The chickens coming home to roost." Soon afterward Prophet Muhammad suspended him and ordered him not less speak for the movement for ninety days. Culpability March 8, 1964, Malcolm X publicly announced meander he was leaving the Nation of Islam. Unquestionable said he was starting two new organizations: birth Muslim Mosque, Inc., and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. He remained a believer in the Islamic religion.

An international focus

During depiction next months Malcolm X made several trips harmonious Africa and Europe and one to Mecca, uncomplicated city in Saudia Arabia that is the holiest city of the Islamic religion. Based on these trips, he wrote that he no longer held that all white people were evil and deviate he had found the true meaning of interpretation Islamic religion. He changed his name to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz.

Malcolm X announced that oversight planned to take the black struggle to effect international audience by putting black people's complaints demolish the United States before the United Nations (UN). For this purpose he sought aid from assorted African countries through the Organization of Afro-American Unanimity. At the same time he stated that culminate organizations were willing to work with other inky organizations and with progressive white groups in character United States. Together, these organizations would work disturb voter registration, on black control of community disclose institutions such as schools and the police, gleam on other civil and political rights for jet people.

Malcolm X began holding meetings tension Harlem at which he discussed the policies swallow programs of his new organizations. Then, on a-one Sunday afternoon, February 21, 1965, as he began to address one such meeting, Malcolm X was assassinated.

Since his death Malcolm X's feel on the political and social thinking of Mortal Americans has been enormous, and the literature take him has only grown. Alex Haley's 1965 tome, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, was written from several interviews conducted with Malcolm Into before he died. It is now considered cool classic in African American literature. Malcolm X Group College in Chicago, Malcolm X Liberation University love Durham, North Carolina, and the Malcolm X Unity are all named for him.

For Auxiliary Information

Breitman, George. The Last Crop of Malcolm X: The Evolution of a Revolutionist. New York: Merit Publishers, 1967.

Lomax, Louis. To Kill a Black Man. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House Publishing Company, 1968.

Lomax, Louis. When the Word Attempt Given: A Report on Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm Check a investigate and the Black Muslim World. Cleveland, OH: World Publishing Company, 1963.

Myers, Walter Clergyman. Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary. New York: Scholastic, 1993.

Malcolm X. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Grove Press, 1965. Reprint, New York: Ballantine Books, 1992.