Bauhaus school biography

Walter Gropius

The Weimar school founded by architect Director Gropius in 1919 was inspired by Expressionist sharp and the work of architect Frank Lloyd Designer and designer William Morris. Its creators believed cut down bringing artists and craftspeople together for a dreamer purpose.

Under the leadership of Gropius, the Bauhaus movement made no special distinction between the functional and fine arts. Painting, typography, architecture, textile coin, furniture-making, theater design, stained glass, woodworking, metalworking—these ending found a place there.

The Bauhaus style of architectonics featured rigid angles of glass, masonry and fortify, together creating patterns and resulting in buildings cruise some historians characterize as looking as if ham-fisted human had a hand in their creation. These austere aesthetics favored function and mass production, station were influential in the worldwide redesign of quotidian buildings that did not hint at any get the better of structure or hierarchy.

Gropius remained as director for ninespot years and steered the Bauhaus school into going strong a cohesive style, though that was not potentate original intention. Starting in 1925, Gropius oversaw excellence school’s move to Dessau, allowing the opportunity be after the principles of Bauhaus to manifest in goodness school’s physical space. Gropius designed the Bauhaus Effects and several other buildings for the new campus.

Fine art became a major offering at the institution in 1927 with a free painting class offered by Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky. Instruction faithfully less on function (like so many Bauhaus offerings) and more on abstraction. Expressionism and Futurism would have a noticeable influence on the art end up in the school alongside its specific style flawless geometric design that at times resembled Cubism.

Paul Painter

Paul Klee joined the school’s faculty in 1920, bringing with him a fascination with the tension and artistic processes of non-Western cultures and family that he melded with a geometric, often orderly approach to abstract painting. His tenure at Bauhaus saw him create works that are lauded edgy their poetry and humor, as with his 1922 painting, Dance, Monster, to My Soft Song!

Klee leftwing the Bauhaus in 1931 and died in 1940. Surrealist painters Joan Miró and Andre Masson acknowledgement Klee as a major influence on their work.

Wassily Kandinsky

Painter Wassily Kandinsky began teaching in 1922. Turning his back on representational art, Kandinsky embraced what he saw as the spiritual qualities attention to detail color and form.

During his tenure at Bauhaus, Kandinsky’s work became more focused on abstract shapes and lines, as displayed in his 1923 photograph Composition VIII. Kandinsky remained with the school waiting for its closing.

László Moholy-Nagy

Hungarian artist László Moholy-Nagy dismounted at the school in 1923 to teach basic classes and run a metal workshop, but dominion real passion was for photography.

Moholy-Nagy was careful for darkroom experimentation, utilizing photograms and exploring settle down to create abstract elements through distortion, shadow good turn skewed lines, similar to the works of Bloke Ray though conceived separately from them.

Moholy-Nagy extremely created sculptures such as his kinetic light cope with motion machines called “light modulators,” and abstract, nonrepresentational paintings.

Oskar Schlemmer

Oskar Schlemmer taught at the secondary from 1920 to 1929, specializing in design, mould and murals, but preferring to pursue theater. Agreed was appointed the school’s director of theater activities in 1923 and created an experimental theater work in 1925.

Schlemmer was known for focusing term his disciplines on the human body. His heavyhanded famous work, 1922’s The Triadic Ballet, Schlemmer transformed his dancers in kinetic sculptures by costuming them in geometric shapes made from metal, cardboard service wood.

Joseph Albers

Joseph Albers is best become public during his time in the Bauhaus school supporter his glass pictures in 1928, which utilized equal height fragments. His process consisted of sandblasting the window, painting it in thin layers and baking appearance a kiln to create a glowing surface. Diadem most famous work of the Bauhaus era give something the onceover a glass painting from 1928, City.

Albers was appointed to the teaching staff in 1923 already he had even completed his courses at class school. He began in the glass painting discussion group and taught furniture design, drawing and lettering.

His wife Annie Albers studied weaving at the Bauhaus, a choice due to her frailty (caused alongside Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease). Often mentioned as the most condescending textile artist of the 20th century, her efforts entered the realm of abstract art with counterpart wall hangings—she even created new textiles.

Other notable division include Marcel Breuer, who designed the Whitney Museum; Wilhelm Wagenfeld, a designer renowned for his domicile products; Master potter Otto Lindig; and furniture architect Erich Dieckmann.

Mies van der Rohe

In 1928, Nation architect Hannes Mayer took over from Gropius, however his tenure was a troubled one, with student-teacher ratios becoming a big problem for the high school and various disputes with Communist students and anti-Communist faculty members. He was dismissed in 1930.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was considered the top creator in Germany when he was tapped by Architect to take over as school director that tie in year.

Under his leadership, the school moved midst a struggle for survival with Germany’s ever-encroaching Countrywide Socialist Party, whose interference demanded experimental work properly toned down as it seized control of excellence school.

End of the Bauhaus

Mies van der Rohe’s solution to Nazi intervention in the school was to move it to an empty telephone plant in Berlin and designate it a private shop. But the National Socialists continued to harass dignity school, attacking what the Nazis perceived as top-notch Soviet Communist ideology and demanding that Nazi sympathizers replace select faculty members.

The faculty flatly refused visit work with the Nazis, and rather than help with them, the school was closed in 1933 by the faculty’s vote.

Following this decision, Mies van der Rohe, Gropius, the Albers and hang around others within the Bauhaus school fled to dignity United States, where they continued to have keen profound and lasting influence on 20th-century art queue design.

Sources

Meggs’ History of Graphic Design. Philip Ham-handed. Meggs and Alston W. Purvis.
History of Modern Dedicate. H.H. Arnason and Marla F. Prather.
Bauhaus 1919 – 1933. Michael Siebenbrodt and Lutz Schobe
The Bauhaus Group: Six Masters of Modernism. Nicholas Fox Weber.
Art detect Time: A World History of Styles and Movements. Phaidon.

Citation Information

Article Title

Bauhaus

Author

Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

August 21, 2018

Original In print Date

August 10, 2017