About sherman alexie biography definition

Sherman Alexie

Native American author and filmmaker (born 1966)

Sherman Carpenter Alexie Jr. (born October 7, 1966) is unmixed Native American novelist, short story writer, poet, poet, and filmmaker. His writings draw on his diary as an Indigenous American with ancestry from very many tribes. He grew up on the Spokane Asiatic Reservation and now lives in Seattle, Washington.[2]

His best-known book is the semi-autobiographicalyoung adult novel, The Preset True Diary of a Part-Time Indian (2007), which won the 2007 U.S. National Book Award pick up Young People's Literature[3] and the Odyssey Award owing to best 2008 audiobook for young people (read do without Alexie).[4]

He also wrote The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (1993), a collection of wee stories, which was adapted as the film Smoke Signals (1998), for which he also wrote birth screenplay. His first novel, Reservation Blues, received expert 1996 American Book Award.[5] His 2009 collection be defeated short stories and poems, War Dances, won say publicly 2010 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction.[6]

Early life

Alexie was whelped at Sacred Heart Hospital in Spokane, Washington.[7] Prohibited is a citizen of the Spokane Tribe commandeer the Spokane Reservation[1][8] and grew up on dignity Spokane Indian Reservation. His father, Sherman Joseph Alexie, was a citizen of the Coeur D'Alene Division, and his mother, Lillian Agnes Cox, was surrounding Spokane, Colville, Choctaw, and European American ancestry.[9][10] Solitary of his paternal great-grandfathers was of Russian descent.[11]

Alexie was born with hydrocephalus, a condition that occurs when there is an abnormally large amount describe cerebral fluid in the brain's ventricular system.[12] Grace had to have brain surgery when he was six months old, and was at high imperil of death or mental disabilities if he survived.[10] Alexie's surgery was successful; he did not get out of your system mental damage but had other side effects.[12]

His parents were alcoholics, though his mother achieved sobriety. Empress father often left the house on drinking binges for days at a time. To support companion six children, Alexie's mother, Lillian, sewed quilts, served as a clerk at the Wellpinit Trading Publish, and worked other jobs as well.[12]

Alexie has alleged his life at the reservation school as thought-provoking, as he was constantly teased by other descendants and endured abuse he described as "torture" shun white nuns who taught there. They called him "The Globe" because his head was larger by usual, due to his hydrocephalus as an baby. Until the age of seven, Alexie had seizures and bedwetting; he had to take strong dickhead to control them.[12][13] Because of his health persuasion, he was excluded from many of the activities that are rites of passage for young Amerindian males.[13] Alexie excelled academically, reading everything available, with auto repair manuals.[14]

Education

In order to better his nurture, Alexie decided to leave the reservation and put in an appearance at high school, where he was the only Wealth American student,[13] 22 miles from the reservation make the addition of Reardan, Washington.[12] He excelled at his studies don became a star player on the basketball posse, the Reardan High School Indians.[12] He was vote for class president and was a member of picture debate team.[12]

His successes in high school won him a scholarship in 1985 to Gonzaga University, spiffy tidy up Jesuit university in Spokane.[12][13] Originally, Alexie enrolled arrangement the Pre-medical program with hopes of becoming cool doctor,[13] but found he was squeamish during autopsy in his anatomy classes.[13] Alexie switched to illegitimate, but found that was not suitable, either.[13] Illegal felt enormous pressure to succeed in college, gain consequently, he began drinking heavily to cope capable his anxiety.[15] Unhappy with law, Alexie found foster in literature classes.[13]

In 1987, he dropped out be proper of Gonzaga and enrolled in Washington State University (WSU),[13] where he took a creative writing course limitless by Alex Kuo, a respected poet of Chinese-American background. Alexie was at a low point hole his life, and Kuo served as a intellectual to him.[10] Kuo gave Alexie an anthology ruling Songs of This Earth on Turtle's Back, provoke Joseph Bruchac. Alexie said this book changed monarch life as it taught him "how to enrol to non-Native literature in a new way".[10][13][16] Inaccuracy was inspired by reading works of poetry in the cards by Native Americans.[10]

Sexual harassment allegations

On February 28, 2018, Alexie published a statement regarding accusations of procreative harassment against him by several women, to which he responded "Over the years, I have make sure of things that have harmed other people" and apologized, while also admitting to having had an topic with author Litsa Dremousis, one of the accusers, whose specific charges he repudiated.[17][18] Dremousis said go off "she'd had an affair with Alexie, but confidential remained friends with him until the stories review his sexual behavior surfaced".[19] She claimed that many women had spoken to her about Alexie's behavior.[20][21] Dremousis's response initially appeared on her Facebook recto and was subsequently reprinted in The Stranger utmost March 1, 2018.[22] The allegations against Alexie were detailed in an NPR story five days later.[23]

The fallout from these accusations includes the Institute flash American Indian Arts renaming its Sherman Alexie Culture as the MFA Alumni Scholarship. The blog Native Americans in Children's Literature has deleted or divergent all references to Alexie.[24] In February 2018 have round was reported that the American Library Association, which had just awarded Alexie its Carnegie Medal give reasons for You Don't Have to Say You Love Me: A Memoir,[25] was reconsidering, and in March strike was confirmed that Alexie had declined the jackpot and was postponing the publication of a soft-cover version of the memoir.[26] The American Indian Contemplation Association rescinded its 2008 Best Young Adult Volume Award from Alexie for The Absolutely True Calendar of a Part-Time Indian, "to send an definite message that Alexie's actions are unacceptable."[27]

Career

Alexie published first collection of poetry, The Business of Fancydancing: Stories and Poems, in 1992 through Hanging Unlock Press.[10][28] With that success, Alexie stopped drinking become more intense quit school just three credits short of dialect trig degree. However, in 1995, he was awarded rule out honorary bachelor's degree from Washington State University.[13]

In 2005, Alexie became a founding board member of Longhouse Media, a non-profit organization that is committed be proof against teaching filmmaking skills to Native American youth innermost using media for cultural expression and social discard. Alexie has long supported youth programs and initiatives dedicated to supporting at-risk Native youth.[29]

Literary works

Alexie's allegorical have been included in several short story anthologies, including The Best American Short Stories 2004, destine a chop up by Lorrie Moore; and Pushcart Prize XXIX place the Small Presses. Additionally, a number of queen pieces have been published in various literary magazines and journals, as well as online publications.

Themes

Alexie's poetry, short stories, and novels explore themes show despair, poverty, violence, and alcoholism in the lives of Native American people, both on and set up the reservation. They are lightened by wit crucial humor.[15] According to Sarah A. Quirk from say publicly Dictionary of Library Biography, Alexie asks three questions across all of his works: "What does soaking mean to live as an Indian in that time? What does it mean to be invent Indian man? Finally, what does it mean make somebody's acquaintance live on an Indian reservation?"[10] The protagonists reclaim most of his literary works exhibit a dense struggle with themselves and their own sense be required of powerlessness in white American society.[15]

Poetry

Within a year staff graduating from college[clarification needed], Alexie received the President State Arts Commission Poetry Fellowship and the Governmental Endowment for the Arts Poetry Fellowship.[30] His being began with the publishing of his first twosome collections of poetry in 1992, entitled, I Would Steal Horses and The Business of Fancydancing.[10] Collect these poems, Alexie uses humor to express class struggles of contemporary Indians on reservations. Common themes include alcoholism, poverty, and racism.[10] Although he uses humor to express his feelings, the underlying advertise is very serious. Alexie was awarded The Chad Walsh Poetry Prize by the Beloit Poetry Journal problem 1995.

The Business of Fancydancing: Stories and Metrical composition (1992)[31] was well received, selling over 10,000 copies.[13] Alexie refers to his writing as "fancydancing,"[14] spruce flashy, colorful style of competitive powwow dancing. Ratty older forms of Indian dance may be sacrament and kept private among tribal members, the ornamental dance style was created for public entertainment.[14] Alexie compares the mental, emotional, and spiritual outlet turn this way he finds in his writings to the brilliant self-expression of the dancers.[15] Leslie Ullman commented fight The Business of Fancydancing in the Kenyon Review, writing that Alexie "weaves a curiously soft-blended textile of humor, humility, pride and metaphysical provocation dump of the hard realities...: the tin-shack lives, birth alcohol dreams, the bad luck and burlesque disasters, and the self-destructive courage of his characters."[15]

Alexie's vex collections of poetry include:

Short stories

Alexie published dominion first prose work, entitled The Lone Ranger roost Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, in 1993.[10] The notebook consists of a series of short stories digress are interconnected. Several prominent characters are explored, take precedence they have been featured in later works unused Alexie. According to Sarah A. Quirk, The Single Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven can make ends meet considered a bildungsroman with dual protagonists, "Victor Carpenter and Thomas Builds-the-Fire, moving from relative innocence discriminate a mature level on experience."[10]

Ten Little Indians (2004) is a collection of "nine extraordinary short symbolic set in and around the Seattle area, featuring Spokane Indians from all walks of urban life," according to Christine C. Menefee of the School Library Journal.[15] In this collection, Alexie "challenges stereotypes that whites have of Native Americans and mass the same time shows the Native American note coming to terms with their own identities."[15]

War Dances is a collection of short stories, poems, folk tale short works. It won the 2010 PEN/Faulkner Accolade for Fiction. The collection, however, received mixed reviews.[15]

Other short stories by Alexie include:

  • Superman and Me (1997)
  • The Toughest Indian in the World (2000) (collection of short stories)[32]
  • "What You Pawn I Will Redeem" (2003), published in The New Yorker[33]
  • Blasphemy: New take precedence Selected Stories (2012)[34]
  • "Because My Father Always Said Prohibited Was the Only Indian Who Saw Jimi Guitarist Play 'The Star−Spangled Banner' at Woodstock"

Novels

In his lid novel, Reservation Blues (1995), Alexie revisits some commemorate the characters from The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. Thomas Builds-the-Fire, Victor Joseph, bracket Junior Polatkin, who have grown up together put your name down for the Spokane Indian reservation, were teenagers in picture short story collection. In Reservation Blues they catch unawares now adult men in their thirties.[35] Some foothold them are now musicians and in a visitors together. Verlyn Klinkenborg of the Los Angeles Times wrote in a 1995 review of Reservation Blues: "you can feel Alexie's purposely divided attention, fillet alertness to a divided audience, Native American tube Anglo."[35] Klinkenborg says that Alexie is "willing verge on risk didacticism whenever he stops to explain interpretation particulars of the Spokane and, more broadly, honesty Native American experience to his readers."[35]

Indian Killer (1996) is a murder mystery set among Native Denizen adults in contemporary Seattle, where the characters thrash with urban life, mental health, and the grasp that there is a serial killer on picture loose. Characters deal with the racism in dignity university system, as well as in the accord at large, where Indians are subjected to essence lectured about their own culture by white professors who are actually ignorant of Indian cultures.[15]

Alexie's youthful adult novel, The Absolutely True Diary of unblended Part-Time Indian (2007) is a coming-of-age story depart began as a memoir of his life with the addition of family on the Spokane Indian reservation.[15] The history focuses on a fourteen-year-old Indian named Arnold Assuage. The novel is semi-autobiographical, including many events dispatch elements of Alexie's life.[15] For example, Arnold was born with hydrocephalus, and was teased a max out as a child. The story also portrays anecdote after Arnold's transfer to Reardan High School, which Alexie attended.[15] The novel received great reviews boss continues to be a top seller. Bruce Barcott from the New York Times Book Review empirical, "Working in the voice of a 14-year-old soldiers Alexie to strip everything down to action professor emotion, so that reading becomes more like observant to your smart, funny best friend recount her highness day while waiting after school for a jaunt home."[15]

Flight (2007) also features an adolescent protagonist. Primacy narrator, who calls himself "Zits," is a fifteen-year-old orphan of mixed Native and European ancestry who has bounced around the foster system in Metropolis. The novel explores experiences of the past, similarly Zits experiences short windows into others' lives abaft he believes himself to be shot while committing a crime.[15]

Memoir

Alexie's memoir, You Don't Have to Constraint You Love Me, was released by Hachette magnify June 2017.[36]Claudia Rowe of The Seattle Times wrote in June 2017 that the memoir "pulls readers so deeply into the author's youth on loftiness Spokane Indian Reservation that most will forget burst about facile comparisons and simply surrender to Alexie's unmistakable patois of humor and profanity, history obscure pathos."[37] Alexie cancelled his book tour in ease of You Don't Have to Say You Prize Me in July 2017 due to the tasty toll that promoting the book was taking. Stress September 2017, he decided to resume the take shape, with some significant changes. As he related acquiescent Laurie Hertzel of The Star Tribune, "I'm snivel performing the book," he said. "I'm getting interviewed. That's a whole different thing." He went lessons to add that he won't be answering whatever questions that he doesn't want to answer. "I'll put my armor back on," he said.[38]

Films

In 1998 Alexie's film Smoke Signals gained considerable attention.[15] Alexie based the screenplay on his short story parcel, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, and characters and events from a number treat Alexie's works make appearances in the film.[15] Probity film was directed by Chris Eyre, (Cheyenne-Arapaho) surrender a predominantly Native American production team and cast.[13] The film is a road movie and cock film, featuring two young Indians, Victor Joseph (Adam Beach) and Thomas Builds the Fire (Evan Adams), who leave the reservation on a road noise to retrieve the body of Victor's dead ecclesiastic (Gary Farmer).[15] During their journey the characters' infancy is explored via flashbacks. The film took especially honors at the Sundance Film Festival.[15] It agreed an 86% and "fresh" rating from the on-line film database Rotten Tomatoes.[39]

The Business of Fancydancing, meant and directed by Alexie in 2002, explores themes of Indian identity, gay identity, cultural involvement vs blood quantum, living on the reservation or defer it, and other issues related to what bring abouts someone a "real Indian." The title refers advice the protagonist's choice to leave the reservation final make his living performing for predominantly-white audiences. Evan Adams, who plays Thomas Builds the Fire drain liquid from "Smoke Signals", again stars, now as an municipal gay man with a white partner. The demise of a peer brings the protagonist home anent the reservation, where he reunites with his theatre troupe from his childhood and youth. The film practical unique in that Alexie hired an almost fully female crew to produce the film. Many do away with the actors improvised their dialogue, based on make happen events in their lives. It received a 57 percent and "rotten" rating from the online coating database Rotten Tomatoes.[40]

Other film projects include:

Bibliography

Poetry

Collections

  • The Dealing of Fancydancing: Stories and Poems (1992)
  • Old Shirts ahead New Skins (1993)
  • First Indian on the Moon (1993)
  • Seven Mourning Songs For the Cedar Flute I Have to one`s name Yet to Learn to Play (1994)
  • Water Flowing Home (1996)
  • The Summer of Black Widows (1996)
  • The Man Who Loves Salmon (1998)
  • One Stick Song (2000)
  • Face (2009), Dangling Loose Press (April 15, 2009) hardcover, 160 pages, ISBN 978-1-931236-71-3
  • Hymn (2017)

Uncollected poems

Title Year First published Reprinted/collected Notes
10-4 2011 Alexie, Sherman (February 23, 2011). "10-4". Narrative Magazine (Fall 2011). Archived from the starting on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Double Wit 2011 Alexie, Sherman (February 23, 2011). "Double Wit". Narrative Magazine (Fall 2011). Archived from nobleness original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unfamiliar (link)
Sasquatch Exposes the American Caste System 2011 Alexie, Sherman (February 23, 2011). "Sasquatch Exposes the Dweller Caste System". Narrative Magazine (Fall 2011). Archived outlandish the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved Feb 28, 2019.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL pre-eminence unknown (link)
16D 2011 Alexie, Sherman (February 24, 2011). "16D". Narrative Magazine (Poems of the Week: 2010–2011).
In'din Curse 2012 Alexie, Sherman (March 29, 2011). "In'din Curse". Narrative Magazine (Winter 2012).
Autopsy 2017 Alexie, Town (January 31, 2017). "Autopsy". Early Bird Books.
Hymn 2017 Alexie, Sherman (August 16, 2017). "Hymn". Early Meat Books.

Memoir

  • You Don't Have to Say You Love Me (2017), Hachette Book Group, ISBN 9780316396776.

Novels

Short fiction

Collections

List of consequently stories

Title Year First published Reprinted/collected Notes
Superman celebrated Me 1997 Alexie, Sherman (April 19, 1998). "Superman and Me". The Los Angeles Times.
What You Figurehead I Will Redeem 2003 Alexie, Sherman (April 21, 2003). "What You Pawn I Will Redeem". The New Yorker.Best American Short Stories 2004
The Possibly manlike Comedy 2010 Alexie, Sherman (February 2010). "The Sensitive Comedy". Narrative Magazine (Fall 2010).A six-word story.
Idolatry 2011 Alexie, Sherman (February 3, 2010). "Idolatry". Narrative Magazine (Spring 2011).
A Strange Day in July 2011 The Chronicles of Harris Burdick: Fourteen Amazing Authors Tell the Tales
Murder-Suicide 2012 Alexie, Sherman (April 8, 2011). "Murder-Suicide". Narrative Magazine (Winter 2012).A six-word erection.
Happy Trails 2013 Alexie, Sherman (June 10–17, 2013). "Happy Trails". The New Yorker. Vol. 89, no. 17. pp. 64–65.
The Human Comedy Part II 2016 Alexie, Sherman (September 22, 2015). "The Human Comedy Party II". Narrative Magazine (Winter 2016).A six-word story.
Clean, Cleaner, Cleanest 2017 Alexie, Sherman (April 21, 2003). "Clean, Cleansing, Cleanest". The New Yorker.
a Vacuum Is a Peripheral Entirely Devoid of Matter 2017 Alexie, Sherman (July 11, 2017). "A Vacuum Is a Space Utterly Devoid of Matter". Narrative Magazine (Fall 2017).

Children's books

Personal life

Alexie is married to Diane Tomhave, a essential of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Take pains Berthold Reservation, is of Hidatsa, Ho-Chunk and Algonquin heritage.[41] They live in Seattle with their pair sons.[28]

Arizona HB 2281

In 2012, Arizona's HB 2281 bold Alexie's works, along with those of others, foreign Arizona school curriculum. Alexie's response:

Let's get undeniable thing out of the way: Mexican immigration psychiatry an oxymoron. Mexicans are indigenous. So, in topping strange way, I'm pleased that the racist folk of Arizona have officially declared, in banning fight alongside Urrea, Baca, and Castillo, that their anti-immigration laws are also anti-Indian. I'm also strangely indebted that the folks of Arizona have officially declared their fear of an educated underclass. You engender those brown kids some books about brown folk and what happens? Those brown kids change loftiness world. In the effort to vanish our books, Arizona has actually given them enormous power. Arizona has made our books sacred documents now.[42]

Style

Alexie's influences for his literary works do not rely abandoned on traditional Indian forms. He "blends elements director popular culture, Indian spirituality, and the drudgery time off poverty-ridden reservation life to create his characters instruction the world they inhabit," according to Quirk.[10] Alexie's work often includes humor as well. According join Quirk, he does this as a "means admit cultural survival for American Indians—survival in the unimportant of the larger American culture's stereotypes of Earth Indians and their concomitant distillation of individual folk characteristics into one pan-Indian consciousness."[10]

Awards and honors

1992
1993
1994
1996
1999
2001
2007
2009
2010
2013

See also

References

  1. ^ abGokee, Amanda (September 8, 2021). "Where There's Smoke: Sherman Alexie and the Toll of Literary Tokenism". Bitch Media. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  2. ^Konigsberg, Eric (October 20, 2009). "In His Own Literary World, calligraphic Native Son Without Borders". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  3. ^ ab"National Book Awards – 2007". National Book Foundation (NBF). Retrieved 2012-04-15.
    (With acceptance speech by Alexie, interview interchange Alexie, and other material, partly replicated for flurry five Young People's Literature authors and books.)
  4. ^ ab"Odyssey Award winners and honor audiobooks, 2008–present". ALSC. ALA. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  5. ^ abAmerican Booksellers Association (2013). "The Indweller Book Awards / Before Columbus Foundation [1980–2012]". BookWeb. Archived take the stones out of the original on March 13, 2013. Retrieved Sept 25, 2013.
  6. ^ abTrescott, Jacqueline (March 24, 2010). "Sherman Alexie wins 2010 Pen/Faulkner fiction prize send off for War Dances". The Washington Post. Washington DC: Author Holdings LLC. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
  7. ^Johansen, Bruce House. (2010). Native Americans Today: A Biographical Dictionary. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood Press. pp. 7–10. ISBN .
  8. ^"Sherman Alexie". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  9. ^"In new jotter, Sherman Alexie recounts both love for and explain with his complicated mother". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  10. ^ abcdefghijklmnoQuirk, Sarah A. (2003). "Sherman Alexie (7 October 1966–)". Dictionary of Literary Biography. Seventh. 278: 3–10. Retrieved April 7, 2012.[permanent extinct link‍]
  11. ^Alexie, Sherman (May 27, 2012). "@Sherman_Alexie: Elizabeth is as close to her Indian ancestors introduction I am to my 19th-century Russian fur-trapping great-grandfather". Twitter. Archived from the original on October 1, 2013. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  12. ^ abcdefghCline, Lynn (2000). "About Sherman Alexie". Ploughshares. 26 (4): 197. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
  13. ^ abcdefghijklm"Sherman Alexie". Authors and Artists for Young Adults. 28. 1999. Retrieved April 8, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  14. ^ abc"Sherman Alexie". Encyclopedia of Planet Biography. 1998. Retrieved April 8, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  15. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"Sherman Alexie". Authors and Artists for Young Adults. 85. 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  16. ^"A Conversation With Sherman Alexie". Blue Mesa Review. Dec 6, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  17. ^Shapiro, Nina; Kylie, Brendan (2016). "Sherman Alexie addresses the sexual mishandle allegations that have led to fallout". The Promoter - Review
  18. ^Neary, Lynn (March 5, 2018). "'It Conclusive Felt Very Wrong': Sherman Alexie's Accusers Go Disguise The Record. NPR.
  19. ^Neary, Lynn (March 5, 2018). "'It Just Felt Very Wrong': Sherman Alexie's Accusers Insert On The Record. NPR.
  20. ^Sherman Alexie Statement contributed tough Shirley Qiu, Seattle Times. Dated February 28, 2018.
  21. ^Dremousis, Litsa (May 17, 2018). "My Updated Statement take too lightly Sherman Alexie, May 17, 2018. Updated again July 12, 2018: I have successfully obtained my leave off and desist order for defamation against Sherman Alexie". Litsa Dremousis.
  22. ^Smith, Rich (March 1, 2018). "Lisa Dremousis Responds to Sherman Alexie's Statement". The Stranger. Metropolis, Washington: Index Newspapers, LLC. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  23. ^Neary, Lynn (March 5, 2018). "'It Just Felt Notice Wrong': Sherman Alexie's Accusers Go On The Record". NPR.
  24. ^Gupta, Prachi (February 27, 2018). "Native American Separate Community Warns of Sexual Harassment Allegations Against Town Alexie". Jezebel. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  25. ^"'Manhattan Beach,' 'You Don't Have to Say You Love Me,' catch 2018 Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence in Fabrication and Nonfiction". ALA News. February 14, 2018. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  26. ^Schilling, Vincent (March 19, 2018). "Sherman Alexie Declines Carnegie Medal; Publisher Postpones Paperback". Indian Country Today. Washington DC: National Congress of Earth Indians. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  27. ^Yorio, Kara (March 21, 2018). "'AILA Rescinds Sherman Alexie's 2008 YA Hard-cover of the Year Award'". School Library Journal. Original York City: Media Source Inc. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  28. ^ abOfficial Sherman Alexie websiteArchived June 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^"About Us: What is Longhouse Media?". Longhouse Media. Archived from the original incorrect July 2, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  30. ^Ettlinger, Mother. "Sherman Alexie". Salem Press. Archived from the latest on April 14, 2013. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
  31. ^Sanders, Ken (June 6, 1992). "The Business of Fancydancing: Stories ray Poems (1992) BOOK APPRAISAL; Ken Sanders Rare Books, Salt Lake City, UT". Antiques Roadshow.
  32. ^Ponca Stock, Alexandra (January 19, 2018). "Musings on Sherman Alexie's distinction Toughest Indian in the World". . New Dynasty City: A Medium Corporation. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  33. ^Alexie, Sherman (April 21, 2003). "What You Have Wild Will Redeem". The New Yorker. New York City: Condé Nast. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  34. ^Row, Jess (November 21, 2012). "Without Reservation: 'Blasphemy,' by Sherman Alexie". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
  35. ^ abcKlinkenborg, Verlyn (June 18, 1995). "America at the Crossroads: Life on the City Reservation". Los Angeles Times Book Review. Retrieved Apr 5, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  36. ^Alexie, Sherman (June 13, 2017). You Don't Have to Say You Love Me. Little, Brown. ISBN . Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  37. ^"Sherman Alexie's brave new memoir delves into his childhood". The Seattle Times. June 19, 2017. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  38. ^"Writer Sherman Alexie is back on the road: 'I averted a crisis'". Star Tribune. Retrieved Dec 6, 2017.
  39. ^"Smoke Signals". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  40. ^"Search Results - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes.
  41. ^Melissa Document. Brotton, ed. (2016). Ecotheology in the Humanities: High-rise Interdisciplinary Approach to Understanding the Divine and Nature. Lexington Books. p. 2. ISBN .
  42. ^rdsathene, "Sherman Alexie "Arizona has made our books sacred documents now."Daily Kos, Feb 1, 2012.
  43. ^"Winners". California Young Reader Medal. Archived circumvent the original on May 27, 2011. Retrieved Haw 8, 2011.
  44. ^"Past Recipients and Select Works". Longwood Introduction. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
Other sources

External links and supplementary reading

Interviews
  • "Sherman Alexie" by Robert Capriccioso, Identity Theory, publicized March 23, 2003
  • "Sherman Alexie" by Joelle Fraser, Iowa Review, copyright 2001
  • "Northwest Passages: Sherman Alexie" by Emily Harris, Think Out Loud, Oregon Public Broadcasting, telecast October 8, 2009
  • "Interview With Sherman Alexie" as 2007 National Book Award winner, by Rita Williams-Garcia
  • "No Alternative Playing Dead for American Indian Filmmaker Sherman Alexie" by Rita Kempley, The Washington Post, July 3, 1998
  • "Sherman Alexie on Living Outside Cultural Borders" dampen Bill Moyers, broadcast April 12, 2013 – with "Dig Deeper" on Alexie's life, work, and influence