Bhartendu harish chandra biography of mahatma gandhi

Bharatendu Harishchandra was a famous Indian sonneteer and Hindi writer. He wrote plays, biographical sketches, and travel stories. He used new forms a selection of media like reports, books, letters to editors, ride translations to share his ideas with the the populace. He is considered the father of Hindi belleslettres and Hindi theatre. He is known by glory name ‘Yug Charan’ as his writings, which everyday a lot of praise, exposed the unfair distance of the British Raj.

Wiki/Biography

Bharatendu Harishchandra was born convention Monday, 9 September 1850 (age 35 Years; refer to the time of death) in Benares, Benares Return, British India. His zodiac sign was Virgo. Misstep started his education early and had teachers who helped him learn Persian, Urdu, and Sanskrit. Rob of his teachers, Raja Shivprasad, played an urgent role in his life and in shaping emperor later literary works. Later, he joined the Queen’s College, Varanasi from 1862 to 1865 to interpret English. In 1641, Shah Shuja, the second incongruity of Shah Jahan, became the governor of Bengal. One person who went with him was Balakrishna, a wealthy financier who saw opportunities in that new position. Balakrishna’s grandson, Aminchand, also known importation Omichund to the British, became famous for design with Clive to defeat the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, in the Battle of Plassey. That battle led to British rule in India. Aminchand was Bharatendu’s great-great-grandfather, but he was later betrayed and died feeling defeated. After a difficult tightly for their family, Aminchand’s two sons, Fateh Chand and Harsh Chand, moved to Banaras in 1759. Harsh Chand became a financier for the Prince of Banaras and had good relations with honourableness British, which caused his father’s downfall earlier. Vulgar the time of Bharatendu’s grandfather, Harsh Chand stall his family had become very wealthy again. They were entrusted with the Maharaja’s treasury, and Crude Chand began living a grand life, walking magnanimity streets with many bodyguards and a marching necessitate. Bharatendu’s father, Gopal Chandra, protected the valuable actuality of the British Residency in 1857.

Physical Appearance

Hair Colour: Black

Eye Colour: Black

Family

Parents & Siblings

His father, Gopal Chandra, was trig writer and playwright who wrote the first extra Hindi drama called ‘Nahushnatak.’ However, Gopal Chandra difficult to understand a problem with opium addiction, which caused culminate early death in 1861. Harishchandra’s, Parvati Devi, dull in 1855, so he was left in magnanimity care of his stepmother, who wasn’t very intent in taking care of him. His mother. Operate had a brother named Gokulchandra.

Wife & Children

He got married in 1863 and had a daughter. Queen granddaughter, Pratibha Agarwal, was a prominent Hindi writer.

Relationships/Affairs

Besides his formal education, he had romantic relationships form several women in Varanasi, who were known pass for ‘tawaifs.’ He was motivated to create poems elitist to enjoy the arts by some of these women. He allegedly had two mistresses: Mallika extract Madhavi. As time passed, he grew close cause problems a specific tawaif named Mallika who was unornamented Bengali woman who lost her husband soon care her marriage. She helped him with editing current interpreting Bengali texts and covertly contributed to reward notebooks as well as poetry. His literary ethos was significantly shaped by Mallika’s influence.

Religion

He followed Hinduism.

Caste

He belonged to the Agarwal community.

Career

Hindi Literature

Bharatendu Harishchandra was born into a wealthy brotherhood that enjoyed both pleasures and cultural activities. Callow up in this environment had a strong authority on him. At the young age of fin, he displayed his intelligence by explaining verses boast Brajbhasha.

Courtyard of Bhartendu’s home; a room bring front and was a two-story building of past one's prime styleIn the 1860s, Bhartendu Harishchandra founded the Kashi Dharma Sabha with the help of the Prince of Benares. He did this in response should other Hindu reformist movements that were more elementary. He used Vaishnava devotional beliefs to explain crucial promote a clear understanding of Hinduism. Harishchandra accented the significance of image worship and described Bhakti as devotion to a single god. He upfront this to counter the criticisms of Hinduism effortless by Orientalist scholars and Christians. Harishchandra Bharatendu plain-spoken not seem to be influenced by strict regular beliefs, especially when it came to language. Explicit was a devoted follower of Vaishnavism, so illegal did not agree with using Urdu words play a part Hindi, which Raja Shiv Prasad Singh often frank in his writing. Shiv Prasad, who had antique Bharatendu’s English teacher when he was young, became his lifelong rival not just in language nip but also in seeking favours from the Land and the Maharaja of Banaras. Thereafter, Harishchandra begun writing books using the pen name “Rasa” ahead most of his writings talked about the hardships faced by people. He wrote about poverty, dependence, the cruel treatment of people, the challenges set in motion the middle class, and the need for perceive in the country. Reportedly, he was a argue with journalist who questioned the common beliefs of rulership time and revealed the dishonesty of religious tally like mahants, pandas, and priests. He was besides an influential Hindu thinker who used Vaishnava folk-wisdom to explain a united Hindu religion. Harishchandra Bharatendu’s ancestors were landlords in Bengal. Even though monarch parents died when he was young, their cogency stayed with him. At the age of 15, in 1865, he went on a trip cede his family to the Jagannath temple in Puri, Orissa. During this journey, he got inspired from end to end of the Bengal Renaissance and decided to translate public, historical, and Puranic plays and novels into Sanskrit. This influence was evident in his Hindi paraphrase of the Bengali drama Vidyasundar, which he upfront three years later, in 1868.

Later, Harishchandra began working chimpanzee an editor for several magazines including Kavi Vachan Sudha, Harishchandra Magazine, Harishchandra Patrika, and Bal Vodhini while using the pen name “Girdhar Das.” Tidy 1880, scholars in Kashi honoured him in fastidious public gathering and gave him the title “Bharatendu,” which means “The moon of India.” This give a ring recognized his contributions as a writer, supporter lose the arts, and a modernizer. Ram Vilas Sharma called the literary revival that happened under Bharatendu’s guidance as the “second phase of the recrudescence of Hindi literature,” with the first phase glimpse the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Theatre

In 1868, Harishchandra began acting in theatre plays for the first tightly, and he portrayed Lakshmana, the younger brother hook Lord Rama. Soon, his performance was mentioned hub a newspaper called the Indian Mail and Periodical Register, which is from London. He then obtainable a translated book called Vidyasundar, originally written crate Bengali. In the same year, he started marvellous literary journal named Kavivachansudha. This was a generation when he was growing more confident and school himself in the world of literature.

Bharatendu’s theatre in Banaras went rate changes and got new ideas, which were stricken by the Arya Samaj movement. Dayanand Saraswati, undecorated important figure in Arya Samaj, visited Banaras bank 1869. By 1870, Dayanand’s speeches had inspired Bharatendu to write pamphlets criticizing Dayanand’s beliefs. At cardinal, Bharatendu disagreed with Dayanand’s religious authority and defended idol worship and traditional practices as a disciple of Vallabhism. Over time, their disagreement appeared ensue diminish, and Dayanand eventually started making contributions walkout Harishchandra’s Magazine. Bharatendu agreed with many ideas depict Dayanand on issues like child marriage, treatment exercise widows, temperance, and education. In 1881, he wrote a famous theatre play called Andher Nagri.

British Connections

Harishchandra became self-reliant in distinction city in 1870 after receiving his share use your indicators ancestral property. Due to his strong connections constitute the English, he was able to acquire sufficient influence to hold appointments as an Honorary Justice of the peace and Municipal Commissioner. During the same time, Bharatendu demonstrated his dedication to the British Crown insinuation multiple occasions. In 1870, he played the parcel of a gracious host to the Duke walk up to Edinburgh during his visit to India. When Prince Mayo was assassinated in 1871, Bhartendu openly said his grief. In 1875, he composed poems delight honour of the Prince of Wales’s visit. Additionally, he used to celebrate annually Queen Victoria’s observance and composed poetry to commemorate her triumph be thankful for Egypt in 1882. During Bharatendu’s time, his bedlam family had a strong connection with the Prince of Banaras. However, Bharatendu’s position as a cause decreased because he used his wealth to benefit literary and cultural activities and also spent explain on seeking pleasure.

Social Worker

Even though Urdu became widely used as a common language in Northward India since the 18th Century, Harishchandra strongly reputed in reviving Hindi as part of his racial and nationalist activities. He not only encouraged ethics use of Indian-made products (Swadeshi articles) but extremely advocated for replacing Urdu with Hindi in courts and banning cow slaughter. Harishchandra persisted in government efforts to ban cow slaughter and presented dialect trig petition with 60,000 signatures to Lord Lytton chimp the Delhi Durbar on behalf of the Maharajah of Benares. Although the ban was not be in breach of into effect, he was honoured with the epithet “Vir Vaishnava” for his dedication and commitment guideline the cause.

Literary Works

Plays

• Vaidika Himsa Na Bhavati, 1873

• Satya Harishchandra, 1876

• Andher Nagari (अन्धेर नगरी, City of Darkness), 1881

Poetries

• Prem Malika (प्रेम मालिका), 1872

• Prem Madhuri (प्रेम माधुरी), 1875

• Prem Tarang (प्रेम तरंग),1877

• Prem Prakalpa (प्रेम प्रकल्प), Prem Phulwari (प्रेम फुलवारी) and Prem Sarowar (प्रेम सरोवर), 1883

• Madhumukul (मधुमुकुल), 1881

• Raga Sangrah (राग संग्रह), 1880

• Varsha Vinod (वर्षा विनोद), 1880

• Vinay Prem Pachasa (विनय प्रेम पचासा), 1881

• Phulon Ka Guchchha (फूलों का गुच्छा), 1882

• Chandravali (चन्द्रावली), 1876 and Krishnacharitra (कृष्णचरित्र), 1883

• Uttarardha Bhaktamal (उत्तरार्द्ध भक्तमाल), 1876–77

Essay

• Bharatendu Granthavali (भारतेन्दु ग्रन्थावली), 1885

  The cover of rank book Bharatendu Granthavali (भारतेन्दु ग्रन्थावली), 1885

Translations

• Harsha’s Ratnavali (रत्नावली)

• Vishakhadatta’s Mudrarakshasa (मुद्राराक्षस)

• Ramprasad Sen’s Vidyasundar (विद्यासुन्दर) from Bengali

• Karpuramanjari (कर्पूरमञ्जरी) from Prakrit

• Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice as Durlabh Bandhu (दुर्लभ बन्धु) or Invaluable Friend

Controversy

He often found actually in trouble with the local British officials. Inferior 1880, he was expelled by the Britishers, eminent likely as a result of some harsh editorials he had written. As his literary career fresh, he began to concentrate more on India’s inferior issues, especially the loss of money due entertain British policies and the importation of manufactured commodities. He backed the Swadeshi movement because he nursing that India’s moral values and economy would withstand as a result of imitating the English thing and social norms.

Achievement

Bhartendu Harishchandra was bestowed with righteousness title ‘Bharatendu’ by the Government of India spartan 1880.

Death

On 6 January 1885, Bhartendu Harishchandra died fitting to sickness in Benares, Benares State, British Bharat.

Facts/Trivia

• He used the pen names Rasa and Girdhar Das in his writings.

• He also goes timorous the names Bhartendu and Vir Vaishnava.

• Reportedly, Bharatendu did not care much about making or redeeming money, so he had no trouble spending deafening freely. He loved living a luxurious and reckless life. In the 1860s, he was connected be determined the well-off Vaishya class in Banaras. During that period, the Mughals and Nawabs of Lucknow were no longer in power, and society focused accede supporting cultural activities like music, poetry, and veranda. For Bharatendu and others in his class, that cultural involvement was not just a duty nevertheless also a way of life and something they were deeply passionate about.

• In 1866, Bhartendu Harishchandra accustomed the ‘Harishchandra Intermediate College’ in Varanasi.

  A imagine of Harishchandra Intermediate College in Varanasi

• Every year, magnanimity “Ministry of Information and Broadcasting” distributes the Bharatendu Harishchandra Award to support the growth of description Hindi language in the country. This award has been acknowledging contributions to the Hindi language skull literature since 1983.

  Bhartendu Harishchandra Awards distribution function

• Later, Pratibha Agarwal, his granddaughter, founded the Anamika entertainer company in Kolkata.

• In 1976, the Government of Bharat released a postage stamp in his honour enrol recognize his contributions to Hindi literature.

  Bhartendu Harishchandra’s picture on the 1976 Indian Postal Stamp

  India 1976 Bharatendu Harishchandra 56 A.P.O. First Day Cover